نمایش مبدأ برای The role of family health history in diabetes

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==Family history information==
Family history information can be a useful tool for "prognosis, diagnosis and overall health". Family history of diabetes reflects genetic and environmental factors and can lead to a better prediction of type 2 diabetes than genetic factors and environmental factors alone.<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12172397/ Can family history be used as a tool for public health and preventive medicine?]</ref>


==Relationship between family history and diabetes==
A study showed that the family history of diabetes is strongly related to the occurrence of diabetes<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27287937/ Parental History of Diabetes, Positive Affect, and Diabetes Risk in Adults: Findings from MIDUS]</ref>
.  Another study also stated that parental history of diabetes is an independent risk factor for diabetes <ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7728283/ Incidence and predictors of diabetes in Japanese-American men. The Honolulu Heart Program]</ref>

====Effect of first degree relatives on family history of diabetes====
The researchers showed that the family history of diabetes in first degree relatives (parents, children and siblings) is a strong and independent risk factor for the prevalence of fasting sugar disorder (prediabetes) in children and adolescents in the absence of obesity. The results suggest that consideration of parental diabetes history is important when screening children and adolescents with diabetes and should be considered in addition to obesity-based screening<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19895410 Obesity and family history of diabetes as risk factors of impaired fasting glucose: implications for the early detection of prediabetes.]</ref>. A study also found that a family history of diabetes in at least two first-degree relatives or one first-degree relative and at least two second-degree relatives was significant for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17634276/ Family history and prevalence of diabetes in the U.S. population: the 6-year results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004)]</ref>
. Having said that, it cannot be denied that the existence of a family history of diabetes can strengthen the relationship between obesity and diabetes <ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11093296/ Family history of diabetes identifies a group at increased risk for the metabolic consequences of obesity and physical inactivity in EPIC-Norfolk: a population-based study. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer]</ref>
. According to this, a person with a BMI⩾35 and a family history of diabetes is at a higher risk of developing diabetes compared to a person without a family history of diabetes<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8050730/#b0015 Association of risk factors with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review]</ref>

====Premature diabetes and family history====

"People with a family history of diabetes can be at risk for early-onset diabetes compared to people without a family history." However, it is difficult to conclude that among the family history of diabetes, maternal, paternal, or both, which is more important for the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes because the results are conflicting in studies.<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11118026/ Parental transmission of type 2 diabetes: the Framingham Offspring Study]</ref>
<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11689527 Can inaccuracy of reported parental history of diabetes explain the maternal transmission hypothesis for diabetes? ]</ref>


==The influence of other factors on diabetes==
====The relationship between gender and diabetes====
However, this association is weaker in men without cardiovascular disease. In addition, this association is much greater in men aged 45 to 54 compared to men aged 55 to 68. Also, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is stronger in men than in women<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8404430/ Differences in the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance according to maternal or paternal history of diabetes]</ref>
. This suggests that a history of parental diabetes in combination with other risk factors, such as increasing age, gender, and cardiovascular disease, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

====Effect of ethnicity====
In addition, ethnicity is also considered an important factor in obese individuals with a family history of diabetes.

==Conclusion==

Family history information can be a useful tool for prognosis, diagnosis and overall health. Family history of diabetes reflects genetic and environmental factors and can lead to a better prediction of type 2 diabetes than genetic factors and environmental factors alone. So that diabetes can occur earlier in people with a family history of diabetes, compared to people without a family history.

==Resources==